Bayrampour H, Ali E, McNeil DA, Benzies K, MacQueen G, Tough S. Pregnancy-related anxiety: a concept analysis. Int J Nurs Stud. 2016;55:115–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2015.10.023.
Dunkel Schetter C, Tanner L. Anxiety, depression and stress in pregnancy: implications for mothers, children, research, and practice. Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2012;25(2):141–8. https://doi.org/10.1097/YCO.0b013e3283503680.
Blair MM, Glynn LM, Sandman CA, Davis EP. Prenatal maternal anxiety and early childhood temperament. Stress. 2011;14(6):644–51. https://doi.org/10.3109/10253890.2011.594121.
Kramer MS, Lydon J, Séguin L, Goulet L, Kahn SR, McNamara H, et al. Stress pathways to spontaneous preterm birth: the role of stressors, psychological distress, and stress hormones. Am J Epidemiol. 2009;169(11):1319–26. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwp061.
Ayers S, Bond R, Bertullies S, Wijma K. The aetiology of post-traumatic stress following childbirth: a meta-analysis and theoretical framework. Psychol Med. 2016;46(6):1121–34. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0033291715002706.
Van den Bergh BR, Mennes M, Oosterlaan J, Stevens V, Stiers P, Marcoen A, et al. High antenatal maternal anxiety is related to impulsivity during performance on cognitive tasks in 14- and 15-year-olds. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2005;29(2):259–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2004.10.010.
Alqahtani AH, Al Khedair K, Al-Jeheiman R, Al-Turki HA, Al Qahtani NH. Anxiety and depression during pregnancy in women attending clinics in a University Hospital in Eastern province of Saudi Arabia: prevalence and associated factors. Int J Womens Health. 2018;10:101–8. https://doi.org/10.2147/ijwh.S153273.
Wall V, Premji SS, Letourneau N, McCaffrey G, Nyanza EC. Factors associated with pregnancy-related anxiety in Tanzanian women: a cross sectional study. BMJ Open. 2018;8(6):e020056. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020056.
Tarafa H, Alemayehu Y, Nigussie M. Factors associated with pregnancy-related anxiety among pregnant women attending antenatal care follow-up at Bedelle general hospital and Metu Karl comprehensive specialized hospital Southwest Ethiopia. Front Psychiatry. 2022;13:938277. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.938277.
Akinsulore A, Temidayo AM, Oloniniyi IO, Olalekan BO, Yetunde OB. Pregnancy-related anxiety symptoms and associated factors amongst pregnant women attending a tertiary hospital in south-west Nigeria. S Afr J Psychiatry. 2021;27:1616. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v27i0.1616.
Nath A, Venkatesh S, Balan S, Metgud CS, Krishna M, Murthy GVS. The prevalence and determinants of pregnancy-related anxiety amongst pregnant women at less than 24 weeks of pregnancy in Bangalore. Southern India Int J Womens Health. 2019;11:241–8. https://doi.org/10.2147/ijwh.S193306.
Fleuriet KJ, Sunil TS. Perceived social stress, pregnancy-related anxiety, depression and subjective social status among pregnant Mexican and Mexican American women in south Texas. J Health Care Poor Underserved. 2014;25(2):546–61. https://doi.org/10.1353/hpu.2014.0092.
Koelewijn JM, Sluijs AM, Vrijkotte TGM. Possible relationship between general and pregnancy-related anxiety during the first half of pregnancy and the birth process: a prospective cohort study. BMJ Open. 2017;7(5):e013413. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2016-013413.
Westerneng M, Witteveen AB, Warmelink JC, Spelten E, Honig A, de Cock P. Pregnancy-specific anxiety and its association with background characteristics and health-related behaviors in a low-risk population. Compr Psychiatry. 2017;75:6–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2017.02.002.
Kang YT, Yao Y, Dou J, Guo X, Li SY, Zhao CN, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of maternal anxiety in late pregnancy in China. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2016. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13050468.
Zhou C, Weng J, Tan F, Wu S, Ma J, Zhang B, et al. Pregnancy-related anxiety among Chinese pregnant women in mid-late pregnancy under the two-child policy and its significant correlates. J Affect Disord. 2020;276:272–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.07.099.
Wang X, Xie J, Wu Y, Wu X, Yan S, Xu Y, et al. Gender-specific effect of pregnancy-related anxiety on preschooler’s emotional and behavioral development: a population-based cohort study. J Affect Disord. 2021;279:368–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.10.014.
Tang X, Lu Z, Hu D, Zhong X. Influencing factors for prenatal Stress, anxiety and depression in early pregnancy among women in Chongqing. China J Affect Disord. 2019;253:292–302. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2019.05.003.
Tatum M. China’s three-child policy. Lancet. 2021;397(10291):2238. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(21)01295-2.
Lung FW, Shu BC, Chiang TL, Lin SJ. Recalled parental gender preference in Chinese culture: a Taiwan birth cohort study. Arch Sex Behav. 2021;50(3):853–62. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-020-01879-5.
Brunton R, Simpson N, Dryer R. Pregnancy-related anxiety, perceived parental self-efficacy and the influence of parity and age. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186709.
Rosario MK, Premji SS, Nyanza EC, Bouchal SR, Este D. A qualitative study of pregnancy-related anxiety among women in Tanzania. BMJ Open. 2017;7(8):e016072. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016072.
Fu F, Yan P, You S, Mao X, Qiao T, Fu L, et al. The pregnancy-related anxiety characteristics in women with gestational diabetes mellitus: why should we care? BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2021;21(1):424. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-021-03887-2.
Yeşilçınar İ, Acavut G, Güvenç G. Anxiety during the pregnancy and affecting factors: a cross-sectional study. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2022. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-022-06590-5.
Naja S, Al Kubaisi N, Singh R, Bougmiza I. Generalized and pregnancy-related anxiety prevalence and predictors among pregnant women attending primary health care in Qatar, 2018–2019. Heliyon. 2020;6(10):e05264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05264.
Shi Y, Liu H, Feng Y, Liu M. Analysis of pregnancy-related anxiety and its influencing factors in late pregnancy women in Wuxi City. Chin Nurs Res. 2019;33(1):87–91.
Kong LN, Zhu WF, Hu P, Yao HY. Perceived social support, resilience and health self-efficacy among migrant older adults: a moderated mediation analysis. Geriatr Nurs. 2021;42(6):1577–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gerinurse.2021.10.021.
Ozbay F, Johnson DC, Dimoulas E, Morgan CA, Charney D, Southwick S. Social support and resilience to stress: from neurobiology to clinical practice. Psychiatry. 2007;4(5):35–40.
Cao X, Jiang X, Li X, Hui Lo MC, Li R. Family functioning and its predictors among disaster bereaved individuals in China: eighteen months after the Wenchuan Earthquake. PLoS ONE. 2013;8(4):e60738. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0060738.
Chang L, Basnyat I. Exploring family support for older Chinese singaporean women in a confucian society. Health Commun. 2017;32(5):603–11. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2016.1146568.
Cheng Y, Zhang L, Wang F, Zhang P, Ye B, Liang Y. The effects of family structure and function on mental health during China’s transition: a cross-sectional analysis. BMC Fam Pract. 2017;18(1):59. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12875-017-0630-4.
Zheng B, Yu Y, Zhu X, Hu Z, Zhou W, Yin S, et al. Association between family functions and antenatal depression symptoms: a cross-sectional study among pregnant women in urban communities of Hengyang city, China. BMJ Open. 2020;10(8):e036557. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-036557.
Puertas-Gonzalez JA, Mariño-Narvaez C, Romero-Gonzalez B, Vilar-López R, Peralta-Ramirez MI. Resilience, stress and anxiety in pregnancy before and throughout the pandemic: a structural equation modelling approach. Curr Psychol. 2022. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-022-03305-6.
Richardson GE. The metatheory of resilience and resiliency. J Clin Psychol. 2002;58(3):307–21. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.10020.
Norris FH, Stevens SP, Pfefferbaum B, Wyche KF, Pfefferbaum RL. Community resilience as a metaphor, theory, set of capacities, and strategy for disaster readiness. Am J Community Psychol. 2008;41(1–2):127–50. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10464-007-9156-6.
Jamebozorgi MH, Karamoozian A, Bardsiri TI, Sheikhbardsiri H. Nurses burnout, resilience, and its association with socio-demographic factors during COVID-19 pandemic. Front Psychiatry. 2022;12:803506. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.803506.
Howell KH, Miller-Graff LE, Schaefer LM, Scrafford KE. Relational resilience as a potential mediator between adverse childhood experiences and prenatal depression. J Health Psychol. 2020;25(4):545–57. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105317723450.
Wang L, Xu B, Gu Y, Zhu J, Liang Y. The mediating and moderating effects of resilience on the relationship between perceived stress and depression in heroin addicts. J Community Psychol. 2019;47(3):495–503. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.22133.
Martínez-Martí ML, Ruch W. Character strengths predict resilience over and above positive affect, self-efficacy, optimism, social support, self-esteem, and life satisfaction. J Posit Psychol. 2017;12(2):110–9.
Wen J, Yeh TP, Xie H, Yu X, Tang J, Chen Y. Resilience, self-esteem, self-efficacy, social support, depression and ART adherence among people living with HIV in Sichuan. China AIDS Care. 2021;33(11):1414–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2020.1828800.
Kong LN, Zhang N, Yuan C, Yu ZY, Yuan W, Zhang GL. Relationship of social support and health-related quality of life among migrant older adults: the mediating role of psychological resilience. Geriatr Nurs. 2021;42(1):1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gerinurse.2020.10.019.
Liu J, Jing W, Liu M. Risk management of pregnant women and the associated low maternal mortality from 2008–2017 in China: a national longitude study. BMC Health Serv Res. 2022;22(1):335. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-022-07721-z.
Tomarken AJ, Waller NG. Structural equation modeling: strengths, limitations, and misconceptions. Annu Rev Clin Psychol. 2005;1:31–65. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.1.102803.144239.
Xiao L, Tao F, Zhang J. Development and reliability evaluation of a pregnancy-related anxiety questionnaire. Chin J Public Health. 2012;28(3):80.
Smilkstein G, Ashworth C, Montano D. Validity and reliability of the family APGAR as a test of family function. J Fam Pract. 1982;15(2):303–11.
Zhang M, Zhang W, Liu Y, Wu M, Zhou J, Mao Z. Relationship between family function, anxiety, and quality of life for older adults with hypertension in low-income communities. Int J Hypertens. 2021;2021:5547190. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5547190.
Huang Y, Liu Y, Wang Y, Liu D. Family function fully mediates the relationship between social support and perinatal depression in rural Southwest China. BMC Psychiatry. 2021;21(1):151. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-021-03155-9.
Li C, Lu H, Qin W, Li X, Yu J, Fang F. Resilience and its predictors among chinese liver cancer patients undergoing transarterial chemoembolization. Cancer Nurs. 2019;42(5):E1-e9. https://doi.org/10.1097/ncc.0000000000000640.
Wang L, Shi Z, Zhang Y, Zhang Z. Psychometric properties of the 10-item connor-davidson resilience scale in Chinese earthquake victims. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2010;64(5):499–504. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1819.2010.02130.x.
Zimet GD, Powell SS, Farley GK, Werkman S, Berkoff KA. Psychometric characteristics of the multidimensional scale of perceived social support. J Pers Assess. 1990;55(3–4):610–7. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.1990.9674095.
Huang L, Jiang QJ, Ren WH. The correction study of coping style, social support and psychosomatic symptoms among cancer patients. Chin Ment Health J. 1996;10(04):160–1.
Lt Hu, Bentler PM. Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Struct Equ Model Multidiscip J. 1999;6(1):1–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118.
Lindell MK, Whitney DJ. Accounting for common method variance in cross-sectional research designs. J Appl Psychol. 2001;86(1):114–21. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.86.1.114.
Han L, Zhan Y, Li W, Xu Y, Xu Y, Zhao J. Associations between the perceived severity of the COVID-19 pandemic, cyberchondria, depression, anxiety, stress, and lockdown experience: cross-sectional survey study. JMIR Public Health Surveill. 2021;7(9):e31052. https://doi.org/10.2196/31052.
Hamzehgardeshi Z, Omidvar S, Amoli AA, Firouzbakht M. Pregnancy-related anxiety and its associated factors during COVID-19 pandemic in Iranian pregnant women: a web-based cross-sectional study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2021;21(1):208. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-021-03694-9.
Jing W, Liu J, Ma Q, Zhang S, Li Y, Liu M. Fertility intentions to have a second or third child under China’s three-child policy: a national cross-sectional study. Hum Reprod. 2022;37(8):1907–18. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/deac101.
Brunton R, Wood T, Dryer R. Childhood abuse, pregnancy-related anxiety and the mediating role of resilience and social support. J Health Psychol. 2022. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105320968140.
Werner-Seidler A, Afzali MH, Chapman C, Sunderland M, Slade T. The relationship between social support networks and depression in the 2007 national survey of mental health and well-being. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2017;52(12):1463–73. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-017-1440-7.
Cohen S, Wills TA. Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis. Psychol Bull. 1985;98(2):310–57.
Silva MMJ, Nogueira DA, Clapis MJ, Leite E. Anxiety in pregnancy: prevalence and associated factors. Rev Esc Enferm USP. 2017;51:e03253. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1980-220×2016048003253.
Lakey B, Orehek E. Relational regulation theory: a new approach to explain the link between perceived social support and mental health. Psychol Rev. 2011;118(3):482–95. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0023477.
Wei DM, Au Yeung SL, He JR, Xiao WQ, Lu JH, Tu S, et al. The role of social support in family socio-economic disparities in depressive symptoms during early pregnancy: evidence from a Chinese birth cohort. J Affect Disord. 2018;238:418–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.06.014.
Abdollahyar A, Baniasadi H, Doustmohammadi MM, Sheikhbardesiri H, Yarmohammadian MH. Attitudes of Iranian nurses toward spirituality and spiritual care. J Christ Nurs. 2019;36(1):E11–6. https://doi.org/10.1097/CNJ.0000000000000581.
He D, Ren J, Luo B, Xiang J, Wang G, Gu L, et al. Women’s psychological health, family function, and social support during their third trimester of pregnancy within the COVID-19 epidemic: a cross-sectional survey. Disaster Med Public Health Prep. 2022;16(5):1822–6. https://doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2021.244.
Sun S, Li J, Ma Y, Bu H, Luo Q, Yu X. Effects of a family-support programme for pregnant women with foetal abnormalities requiring pregnancy termination: a randomized controlled trial in China. Int J Nurs Pract. 2018. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijn.12614.
Feldman R. Maternal versus child risk and the development of parent-child and family relationships in five high-risk populations. Dev Psychopathol. 2007;19(2):293–312. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0954579407070150.
Sheikhbardsiri H, Raeisi A, Khademipour G. Domestic violence against women working in four educational hospitals in Iran. J Interpers Violence. 2020;35(21–22):5107–21. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260517719539.
Connor KM, Davidson JR. Development of a new resilience scale: the connor-davidson resilience scale (CD-RISC). Depress Anxiety. 2003;18(2):76–82. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.10113.
Li G, Kong L, Zhou H, Kang X, Fang Y, Li P. Relationship between prenatal maternal stress and sleep quality in Chinese pregnant women: the mediation effect of resilience. Sleep Med. 2016;25:8–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2016.02.015.
Kukihara H, Yamawaki N, Ando M, Nishio M, Kimura H, Tamura Y. The mediating effect of resilience between family functioning and mental well-being in hemodialysis patients in Japan: a cross-sectional design. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2020;18(1):233. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12955-020-01486-x.
Zhang L, Pang J, Zhu F. Effect of perceived social support on psychache: mediating effect of psychological resilience. Iran J Public Health. 2022;51(2):386–94. https://doi.org/10.18502/ijph.v51i2.8691.
Xu Y, Lin X, Chen S, Liu Y, Liu H. Ageism, resilience, coping, family support, and quality of life among older people living with HIV/AIDS in Nanning. China Glob Public Health. 2018;13(5):612–25. https://doi.org/10.1080/17441692.2016.1240822.
Lu C, Yuan L, Lin W, Zhou Y, Pan S. Depression and resilience mediates the effect of family function on quality of life of the elderly. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2017;71:34–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2017.02.011.
Winwood PC, Colon R, McEwen K. A practical measure of workplace resilience: developing the resilience at work scale. J Occup Environ Med. 2013;55(10):1205–12. https://doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0b013e3182a2a60a.
Banks K, Newman E, Saleem J. An overview of the research on mindfulness-based interventions for treating symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder: a systematic review. J Clin Psychol. 2015;71(10):935–63. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.22200.
Cheng P, Casement MD, Kalmbach DA, Castelan AC, Drake CL. Digital cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia promotes later health resilience during the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic. Sleep. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsaa258.
Baumgartner DJ. Schneider DT (2021) A randomized controlled trial of mindfulness-based stress reduction on academic resilience and performance in college students. J Am Coll Health. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2021.1950728.
Safi-Keykaleh M, Aliakbari F, Safarpour H, Safari M, Tahernejad A, Sheikhbardsiri H, et al. Prevalence of postpartum depression in women amid the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2022;157(2):240–7. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijgo.14129.
Sahebi A, Yousefi A, Abdi K, Jamshidbeigi Y, Moayedi S, Torres M, et al. The prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder among health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: an umbrella review and meta-analysis. Front Psychiatry. 2021;12:764738. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.764738.
Heidarijamebozorgi M, Jafari H, Sadeghi R, Sheikhbardsiri H, Kargar M, Gharaghani M. The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress among nurses during the coronavirus disease 2019: a comparison between nurses in the frontline and the second line of care delivery. Nurs Midwifery Stud. 2021;10(3):188–93. https://doi.org/10.4103/nms.nms_103_20.